Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and contributing factors among HIV patients attending the ART clinic at Bukulula Health Centre IV in Kalungu District. A retrospective study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/f1gek628Keywords:
Prevalence of Cryptococcal antigenemia, Bukulula Health Centre IV, Routine screening of HIV/AIDS patientsAbstract
Background:Cryptococcal antigenemia reflects early disseminated infection with Cryptococcus spp. and commonly precedes cryptococcal meningitis, a major cause of AIDS-related mortality. The study aims to determine factors and prevalence of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV/AIDS patients attending the ART clinic at Bukulula Health Centre IV in Kalungu District.
Methodology:
The study employed a convenience sampling technique because it produces less bias. Data were collected retrospectively from the hospital database using a data collection form, and patient data were accessed from the hospital records. Patients’ data were entered manually for analysis using Microsoft programs, particularly Microsoft Word and Excel. The data were presented in the form of words, figures, tables, graphs, and pie charts.
Results:
The prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia was 3.9%. 62.4%(n=63) of the participants were females, and males were 37.6%(n=38). The age group >30 had the highest number of participants, which was 42.6%(n=43), and the lowest was 15-19, which was 11.9%(n=12). More Catholics were enrolled, 45.4%(n=46), as compared to other religions. Most of the records of most showed that most resided in the villages, 55.4%(n=56). 4 were positive for cryptococcal antigenemia, with an overall prevalence of 3.9%. The socio-demographic factors influencing cryptococcal antigen were female gender and age group above 30 years, with percentages of 75% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion: Cryptococcal antigenemia remains an important health concern among people living with HIV/AIDS, highlighting the need for routine screening and early identification of patients at increased risk to facilitate timely management and prevent progression to cryptococcal meningitis.Recommendation:
The government through the Ministry of Health should advocate for routine screening of HIV/AIDS patients for cryptococcal antigenemia. Patients should also be advised about the importance of adhering to ART.
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